What is Cryptography?
Cryptography is the practice of securing communication and information through mathematical techniques. It ensures data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Cryptography is widely used in various fields, including cybersecurity, banking, and blockchain technology.
Types of Cryptographic Techniques
Symmetric Encryption
In symmetric encryption, the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. Examples include:
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. Examples include:
Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA)
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Hash Functions
Hash functions transform data into a fixed-length string, ensuring data integrity. Examples include:
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256)
Message Digest Algorithm (MD5)
Real-World Applications of Cryptography
Blockchain & Cryptocurrencies: Cryptography secures Bitcoin and other digital currencies.
Secure Communication: Protocols like SSL/TLS protect online communication.
Digital Signatures: Used in contracts, emails, and software verification.
Data Protection: Cryptographic techniques protect personal and financial data from cyber threats.